Interference haptic stimulation and consistent quantitative tactility in transparent electrotactile screen with pressure-sensitive transistors

Integrating tactile feedback through haptic interfaces enhances experiences in virtual and augmented reality. However, electrotactile systems, which stimulate mechanoreceptors directly, often yield inconsistent tactile results due to variations in pressure between the device and the finger. In this study, we present the integration of a transparent electrotactile screen with pressure-sensitive transistors, ensuring highly consistent quantitative haptic sensations. These transistors effectively calibrate tactile variations caused by touch pressure. Additionally, we explore remote-distance tactile stimulations achieved through the interference of electromagnetic waves. We validated tactile perception using somatosensory evoked potentials, monitoring the somatosensory cortex response. Our haptic screen can stimulate diverse electrotactile sensations and demonstrate various tactile patterns, including Morse code and Braille, when integrated with portable smart devices, delivering a more immersive experience. Furthermore, interference of electric fields allows haptic stimulation to facilitate diverse stimulus positioning at lower current densities, extending the reach beyond direct contact with electrodes of our screen.


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Policy information about cell lines and Sex and Gender in in ResearchCell line source(sresearch organisms Policy information about studies involving animals; ARRIVE guidelines recommended for reporting animal research, and Sex and Gender in in information on on the approval of of the study protocol must also be be provided in in the manuscript.was purchased from Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB 22266, Lot# 51972)Cell line was authenticated by by company that we we ordered from.Morphology check by by microscope periodically.Cell morphology was similar to to published pictures.The cell was used under mycoplasma-free conditionNo No commonly misidentified cell lines were used in in this study.